Nowadays, under the advocacy of the concept of green lighting, various lighting technologies are emerging, and fiber optic lighting and LED lighting are emerging as the lighting technology and always take the lead in the era of green lighting.
1, fiber optic lighting
Fiber optic lighting is an emerging lighting method in recent years. Due to the unique physical characteristics of the optical fiber itself, fiber optic lighting is used in interior lighting, local lighting, billboard lighting, guided lighting in outdoor public areas of buildings, indoor and outdoor underwater lighting, and building outlines and facades. Lighting, and has achieved good lighting effects. The fiber optic lighting system is composed of a light source, a mirror, a color filter, and an optical fiber. When the light source passes through the mirror, a beam of approximately parallel light is formed. Due to the effect of the color filter, the light beam is turned into colored light. When the light beam enters the fiber, the colored light is sent to the intended place along the path of the fiber. Due to the loss of light on the way, the light source is generally very strong. The common light source is about 150-250W. Moreover, in order to obtain an approximately parallel beam, the luminous point should be as small as possible, similar to the point source. Mirrors are an important factor in obtaining approximately parallel beams. Therefore, aspherical reflectors are generally used. Color filters are parts that change the color of the beam. According to needs, a corresponding color light source is obtained by replacing filters of different colors. Fiber optics are the main body of the fiber optic lighting system. The function of the fiber is to transmit or emit light to a predetermined place. Fiber is divided into two kinds of end-emitting light and body light. The former is the beam passing to the end point, through the taillights for lighting, while the latter is itself a light body, forming a flexible beam. For optical fiber materials, it must be in the visible light range, with minimal loss of light energy to ensure lighting quality. However, it is practically impossible to eliminate loss. Therefore, it is preferable that the optical fiber transmission distance be approximately 30 m.
Fiber optic lighting features:
1. A single light source may have multiple light emitting points with the same light emission characteristics.
2. The light source is easy to change and easy to maintain.
3. The light emitters can be placed in places that are not accessible to non-professionals and are therefore destructive.
4. No ultraviolet, infrared light, can reduce damage to certain items such as cultural relics and textiles.
5. The luminous point is small, lightweight, easy to replace, and installed. It can be made into small size and placed in glassware or other small objects to create special decorative lighting effects.
6. Without electromagnetic interference, it can be used in special places with electromagnetic shielding requirements such as nuclear magnetic resonance room and radar control room.
7. No spark, no danger of electric shock, can be used in chemical, oil, natural gas platforms, fountain pools, swimming pools and other fire, explosive danger or wet special places.
8. Can automatically change light color.
9. Reusable, saving investment.
10. Soft, easy to break, unbreakable, easily processed into a variety of different patterns. The system heat is lower than the general lighting system, which can reduce the power consumption of the air conditioning system.
Second, LED lighting
LED (Light Emitting Diode) is a semiconductor that can convert electrical energy into visible light. It changes the principle of the tungsten filament of incandescent lamps and the light emission of three primary colors of energy-saving lamps, and uses electric field emission. It has the following features:
1. Voltage: The LED uses a low voltage power supply and the supply voltage is between 6-24V, which varies from product to product, so it is a safer power source than using a high voltage power supply.
2. Efficiency: 80% less energy than incandescent lamps with the same efficacy.
3. Applicability: Each unit LED chip is a 3-5mm square, so it can be prepared into a variety of shapes of devices, and is suitable for a volatile environment.
4. Stability: 100,000 hours, light decay is initially 50%.
5. Response time: The response time of its incandescent lamp is milliseconds, and the response time of the LED lamp is nanoseconds.
6. Environmental pollution: No harmful metal mercury.
7. Color: change the current can change color, light-emitting diodes easily through chemical modification methods, adjust the energy band structure and band gap, to achieve multi-color red orange green blue light.
8. Price: The price of LED is relatively expensive, the price of several LEDs can be equivalent to the price of an incandescent lamp, and usually each signal lamp needs to be composed of 300 to 500 diodes.
Third, fiber optic lighting applications
1. TV conference desk lighting
2. Effect lighting placed in a high-top, difficult-to-maintain, or unbearable location
3. Guiding lighting in outdoor public areas of buildings
4, outdoor fountain underwater lighting
5. Architectural outline lighting and facade lighting
6. Local lighting of buildings and cultural relics
7. Lightbox, billboard lighting
The line-emitting optical fiber is soft, easy to break and unbreakable, and can be easily processed into different patterns without the danger of electric shock. It does not require a high-voltage transformer and can automatically change the light color. It is easy to install and install, and can be reused. Therefore, it is often used to set billboard lighting on buildings. Compared with traditional neon lights, fiber optic lighting has obvious advantages in use performance.
Fourth, LED application field
1. Signaling application.
2. Display applications: signage, billboards, large screen displays, etc.
3. Lighting applications:
a, portable lamps: flashlights, headlights, miner's lamp, dive lights and so on.
b. Automobile lights: High-level brake lights, brake lights, turn signals, reversing lights, etc. High-power LEDs have been widely used in automotive lighting.
c. Special lighting: solar garden lights, solar street lights, underwater lights, etc. Because of its small size, LED's are easy to use for dynamic brightness and color control, and are therefore more suitable for architectural decorative lighting.
d, backlight: general electronic device function display backlight source, notebook computer backlight source, large-size ultra-large size LCD display backlight source, LED display backlight as the LED is the most widely used LED applications.
e, projection light source: projector with RGB light source.
f, general lighting: all kinds of general lighting, lighting and other light sources.
Because fiber optic lighting and LED lighting are fundamentally different, and the performance results are also varied, they also have an emphasis on the sales market. Although fiber optic lighting now accounts for a small proportion of the market share in the lighting industry, it is proportionally accelerating. According to the characteristics of fiber optic lighting, the market for fiber optic lighting is mainly facing decorative lighting, entertainment lighting, artistic lighting and special lighting.
LED as a new type of light source, from the current development trend and under the concept of green lighting, LED lighting products in recent years more and more types of development, market share is also growing. However, since high-power LED technology is not yet mature and the cost of white LEDs cannot be effectively reduced, LED lamps cannot be effectively expanded in the field of lighting.
