Basic knowledge analysis about fiber optic transceivers

Optical fiber transceiver is an indispensable device in network data transmission. So what is a fiber transceiver? What is the composition of the fiber transceiver? What role does the fiber transceiver play in the data transmission process?

The optical transceiver includes three basic functional modules: an optical medium conversion chip, an optical signal interface (optical transceiver module), and an electrical signal interface (RJ45). If the network management function is provided, the network management information processing unit is also included. The optical transceiver is an Ethernet transmission medium conversion unit that exchanges short-distance twisted pair electrical signals and long-distance optical signals. In many places, it is also called a Fiber Converter. The product is generally used in an actual network environment where the Ethernet cable cannot be covered and must use fiber to extend the transmission distance, and is usually located in the access layer application of the broadband metropolitan area network; at the same time, it helps to connect the last mile line of the optical fiber to the metropolitan area. The network and the outer layer of the network also played a huge role.

In some large-scale enterprises, the optical fiber directly uses the optical fiber to establish a backbone network for the transmission medium, and the transmission medium of the internal local area network is generally a copper wire. How to realize the connection between the local area network and the optical fiber backbone network? This requires conversion between different ports, different lines, and different fibers and guarantees link quality. The emergence of fiber optic transceivers converts twisted pair electrical and optical signals to each other, ensuring smooth transmission of data packets between the two networks, while extending the transmission distance limit of the network from 100 meters to more than 100 kilometers. Single mode fiber).

What are the basic features of fiber optic transceivers:

1. Fully transparent to network protocols.

2. Provide ultra-low latency data transmission.

3. Supports an extremely wide operating temperature range.

4. Data line speed forwarding is implemented using a dedicated ASIC chip. The programmable ASIC combines multiple functions onto a single chip. It has the advantages of simple design, high reliability, and low power consumption, which enables the device to achieve higher performance and lower cost.

5. The network management equipment can provide network diagnosis, upgrade, status report, abnormal situation report and control functions, and can provide complete operation log and alarm log.

6. Rack-mount devices provide hot-swap capability for easy maintenance and non-stop upgrades.

7. Support complete transmission distance (0 ~ 120 km).

8. The equipment adopts 1+1 power supply design, supports ultra-wide power supply voltage, realizes power protection and automatic switching.

Classification of fiber optic transceivers:

There are many types of fiber optic transceivers, and their types change accordingly according to different classification methods.

According to the nature of the fiber, it can be divided into multimode fiber transceivers and single mode fiber transceivers. Transceivers can transmit at different distances due to the different fibers used. Multimode transceivers typically travel between 2 and 5 km, while single-mode transceivers can range from 20 to 120 km.

According to the required fiber, it can be divided into single fiber fiber transceivers: the received and transmitted data is transmitted on one fiber; the dual fiber fiber transceiver: the received and transmitted data is transmitted on a pair of optical fibers.

According to the working level/rate, it can be divided into single 10M, 100M optical transceiver, 10/100M adaptive optical transceiver and 1000M optical transceiver. According to the structure, it can be divided into desktop (stand-alone) fiber transceivers and rack-mount fiber transceivers. The desktop fiber optic transceiver is suitable for single users, such as meeting the uplink of a single switch in the corridor. Rack-mount (modular) fiber optic transceivers are suitable for multi-user aggregation. For example, the central office of a cell must meet the uplink of all switches in the cell.

According to the network management, it can be divided into a network management type optical transceiver and a non-network management type optical transceiver.

According to the management type, it can be divided into non-network management type Ethernet fiber transceivers: plug and play, and set the electric port working mode through the hardware dial switch. Managed Ethernet Optical Transceiver: Supports Carrier-Grade Network Management

According to the type of power supply, the built-in power fiber transceiver can be divided into: the built-in switching power supply is a carrier-grade power supply; the external power supply optical transceiver: the external transformer power supply is mostly used in civilian equipment. The former has the advantage of supporting an ultra-wide power supply voltage, better regulation, filtering and equipment power protection, and reducing external fault points caused by mechanical contact; the latter has the advantage of being compact and inexpensive.

According to the working mode, full duplex refers to the transmission and reception of data, which are transmitted by two different transmission lines, both of which can transmit and receive at the same time. The mode is full-duplex, and the full-duplex mode does not need to switch direction. Therefore, there is no time delay caused by the switching operation; half duplex refers to using the same transmission line for both receiving and transmitting, although Data can be transmitted in both directions, but the communication parties cannot send and receive data at the same time. This transmission method is half-duplex. In the half-duplex mode, the transmitter and receiver at each end of the communication system are switched to the communication line through the receive/transmit switch, and the direction is switched. Therefore, a time delay occurs.

These are some of the basic common sense about fiber optic transceivers. We only have a basic understanding of the fiber optic transceivers and we will be sure when we apply them, so that we will not add trouble to the construction in progress.